Research Paper on Adhd - 3517 Words

RESEARCH PAPER ON ADHD Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral development disorder among children. In the United States there are at least 2 million grade school children that are diagnosed with the disorder (Dupper, 2003). ADHD is determined to be one of the most common development disorders in children (Barlow Durand, 2009). This paper will discuss the different aspects of ADHD, its symptoms, common traits, and the known treatments being used by clinicians. Moreover, the paper will also touch on the important things to consider when dealing with ADHD, particularly in the area of social work. By doing so, it will determine why social work should be an integral part of the diagnosis and†¦show more content†¦To get a clearer picture of the disorder, APA subdivided the symptoms according to its three most important traits, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). As most of the symptoms of ADHD may typically be present in no rmal behavioral development, APA established that only when six or more of the symptoms are present in a child can he or she be considered as suffering from ADHD (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Furthermore, the child should also exhibit these symptoms within a period of 6 months or more to completely confirm the occurrence of the disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Inattention is one of the distinguishable traits of ADHD (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). A child suffering from the symptoms of inattention in ADHD would probably lag behind schoolwork, have problems with communicating, and would struggle with cognitive activities like reading and comprehension. APA listed a total of 9 symptoms that are crucial to identifying ADHD in children (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Following is the list of these symptoms and their brief explanation: 1) Oftentimes a child will fail to give close attention to details (American Psychiatric Association, 20 000.Show MoreRelatedAdhd Research Paper837 Words   |  4 PagesADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). ADHD is a neurological condition affecting brain development. MRI imaging has found â€Å"abnormal grey matter and cortical thickness associated with ADHD in frontal, temporal and cerebellar regions of the brain† (from the ADHD Institute). This diagnosis has been given to 11% of American school aged children between 4-17. This is nearly 6.4 million children. ( https://www.cdc.gov) This number is staggering but is this what is really affecting our childrenRead MoreResearch Papers On Adhd1645 Words   |  7 PagesDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Out of that eleven percent, approximately six present is actually taking medication, meaning about one out of every five children diagnosed are not taking any medication or receiving any mental health counseling. It is not one single test to diagnose ADHD in children and adults, nevertheless ADHD is diagnosed afte r a person has shown some or all ADHD symptoms regularly for no less than six months. Nearly 10 million adults have ADHD, yet countless adults are notRead MoreAdhd Research Paper858 Words   |  4 PagesSymptom improvements with proper diet in children with ADHD Does a healthy diet help improve symptoms in children with ADHD? There are several factors in this when it comes to diet. These factors include artificial food coloring, few foods diet, and vitamin intake. Researchers have done many studies with children who have ADHD to see if their symptoms improve. The first research article â€Å"Diet and ADHD, Reviewing the Evidence: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses of Double-Blind Placebo-ControlledRead MoreAdhd Research Paper783 Words   |  4 Pagesalso known as ADHD, has become a well-known disorder that our ears hear lightly and many don’t think twice about. Although, ADHD is presented in over 11,000,000 people that are living in the United States (Frank, 2017). ADHD is prevalent in both women and men of all various ages. Once one has this disorder, it stays with them forever. However, many therapists as well as psychologist believe that this disorder is over diagnosed and leads into false and inaccurate prescriptio ns. Due to ADHD being primarilyRead MoreResearch Paper On ADHD769 Words   |  4 PagesThis is because most children with ADHD do not have behavior problems at home. Children diagnosed with ADHD have a much better time at home due to the one on one interactions with parents and siblings. Once an ADHD child enters a classroom with eighteen to twenty other students, the ability to control themselves becomes impaired. I have worked with many children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder and am very educated on the diagnosis. ADHD is usually diagnosed in early childhoodRead MoreAdhd Research Paper740 Words   |  3 PagesAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, is the lifespan neurodevelopment disorder, that symptomizes of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, forgetfulness, distractibility and hyperactivity and is highly heritable and this heritable disorder has been transition, or a process that events throughout the lifespan should not affected it, into adulthood (Swift, Sayal, Hollis, (2014); Ertekin, et. al.,). Often, adults with ADHD also experience a negative effect on socio-personal adaptationRead MoreAdhd Research Paper787 Words   |  4 PagesOver Diagnosis of ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, has become a well-known disorder that our ears hear lightly and many don’t think twice about. Although, ADHD is presented in over 11,000,000 people that are living in the United States (Frank, 2017). ADHD is prevalent in both women and men of all various ages. Once one has this disorder, it stays with them forever. However, many therapists as well as psychologist believe that this disorder is over diagnosed andRead MoreADHD Research Paper948 Words   |  4 PagesADHD Treatment Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Ford-Martin, 2014) is a mental disorder involving brief to prolonged periods of hyperactivity and the inability to focus on tasks, causing the patient to become easily frustrated and unable to sit still. This inability to focus often negatively impacts the patient, frequently causing him/her to lose self-esteem and give up. This label instills a feeling of hopelessness when it comes to completing certain tasks that others are able to performRead MoreADHD Research Paper1417 Words   |  6 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects school aged children with a high degree of inattention, excessive hyperactivity, impulsivity or a combination of any of these. In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, there must be two different environments in which the child has displayed his or her symptoms and it must occur before the child is twelve years of age (Halter, 2014). Children have a h igh comorbidity level with developmental, learningRead MoreAdhd Research Paper960 Words   |  4 Pagescause and effects of many of our illness, one being ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder). This disorder affects nearly 2 million of the 6 million children born each year, these children are between the ages of two and five (CDC, 2017) The website is based as a teaching tool for parents and educators to gain more information. There is no one person who has come up with this information. The information is based on years of the scientific research and testing for them to put together this website

Mamluks Free Essays

The emergent of Mamluks started under Hasan Pasha’s whose intent was to strengthen his personal base of power by creating a group of disciplined military and civil functionaries committed uniquely to him and not to the government at Istanbul or the Arabs of Baghdad. A page corps was formed, originally recruited from local families but later composed almost exclusively of slaves imported from the Caucasus and Georgia (Thomas Philipp, Ulrich Haarmann, 1998. These slaves were instructed in reading and writing, but also horse-manship and swimming, a combination of martial and bureaucratic virtues making them superior to Turks and Iraqis as civil servants. We will write a custom essay sample on Mamluks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their training emphasized a sense of interdependence and â€Å"esprit de corps. † They were made to feel that they owed their privilege to their master and to the Mamluks institution. John Joseph Saunders in the â€Å"The History of the Mongol Conquests† noted that the Mamluks dominated the power elite, but as an alien force, and they were merciless to any suspected rival to their authority. A close disciplined fraternity, and the only effective civil and military organization within the country, they provided their pashas with the power of an independent monarch. He argued, nevertheless, Mamluk pashas at no time renounced allegiance to the sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He went on to explain how they defended Iraq from the Wahhabis and Persians but did not create war on neighbors within the empire. They were the only Islamic dynasty that withstands the invasions of the Turks and Mongol. They were slave boy children captured and trained carefully groomed for life as military men. They were leaders’ corps of warrior-slaves, mostly from Turkic or Kurdish Central Asia, but also including some Christians from the Caucasus region of south-eastern Europe. They were called the Mamluks which literally mean slave. According to historians, Mamluks were young boys who were not Muslim and groomed to be Sunni Muslim soldiers( Saunders 2001). The Mamluk institution creates a lot speculation and comment among pre modern observers. Consequently, James Waterson reported that the Mamluks are the slave warriors of medieval Islam who overthrew their masters, defeated the Mongols and the Crusaders and established a dynasty that lasted three hundred years. He continued to say that these young boys turn out to be great soldiers. Interestingly, Halperin commented that at the same time as the Islamic world was combating off Christian Crusaders from Europe, the great Muslim general Saladin conquered Egypt in 1169, founding the Ayyubid Dynasty. He also stated that Saladan and his descendants used increasing numbers of Mamluk soldiers in their struggles for power. In fact, according Charles Halperin a researcher in the field of history commented how during this time the Crusaders controlled several small coastal principalities in the Holy Land. † He explained that during the war the Mongols approached the Mamluks offering them an alliance against the Muslims. The Crusaders’ former enemies, the Mamluks, also sent representative to the Christians offering a deal against the Mongols. † They feared that the Mongols were a more immediate threat, the Crusader states opted to remain nominally neutral, but agreed to allow the Mamluks’ armies to pass unhindered through Christians’ occupied lands. How to cite Mamluks, Essay examples

Human Resource Management South-West Airlines Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for South-west Airlines. Answer: Background of South-west Airlines Southwest Airlines is the oldest airlines of United States having its headquarter at Love Field in Dallas, founded in the year 1971 on 18th June. It started its airline with only three Boeing 737 aircraft and served only 3 cities Houston, Dallas and San Antonio (Ray, Xue Barney, 2013).The competition of the airline was with Braniff, Texas International and Continental.The airline. It started with great struggle having legal battle for the construction of the airport that has made it bankrupt at the time of its first flight. The founder CEO of the airline, Herb Kelleher, had taken this as a motivator and won over the odds to be the most popular airline today (southwest.com, 2016).The company started with low fare strategy and believed in delivering best customer service. It had always encouraged its employees to identify themselves with others. The southwest airline expanded its operation in California in 1989 when USAir started losing the market due to poor customer service. The airline became the passenger boarding leading airlines in 1993 and served 10 cities by 1995. Further captured 70% of market share (Wilkinson, 2013). The strategy and style of operation of the airline is same as it was there during the inception. It gives importance to airports that are underutilized and those which are near metropolitan area like Hobby in Houston, Midway in Chicago, Love Field in Dallas, San Jose and Oakland in Bay Area. The only type of aircraft that it flies is 737s fuel efficient and has 200 of them (Yang Xinde, 2014). It generally has flight time of 65 minute and believes in giving non-stop fly to its customers. The airline is able to avoid flight delays by avoiding spoke and hub system. The airline main competition was with surface transportation and in 1993 the fare for flying was $60 for a trip of 500 miles (Su-ying et al., 2013). This was $49 for 436 miles in 1984. It captured the market by charging low price and providing frequent flights. Initially only 8000 people were flying between Chicago and Louisville, after the entry of Southwest airlines, the number of people flying between the cities has increased to 26000 people (Purce, 2014).This has been possible due to drastically lower price and increased frequency of flights. By 1992, the airline had become the most leading carrier in passenger and in 1994; it dominated most of the leading markets consisting of intra-Texas market as 70% and intra-California market as 50% (Pfeffer Sutton, 2013). The airlines have always followed the strategy of low costs, low fares and frequent flights. Its fare was simple and uncomplicated. It was easy to understand and made 55% of its tickets were booked by travel agent. The companys operation policy was simplified and never added meal service in the flight as that would increase its fares, rather provided peanuts and beverages. The airline runs a flyer club which had given opportunity for the regular flier to take the membership and reduce their prices for each flight (Nickson, 2013). The airline was running successfully since last 21 years and had gained competitive advantage in the market with respect to other firm in the airline industry due to its unique cost structure which has been supported by the productivity of its workers. The airlines aircraft is turned only in 15mins compare to 35 mins for other airlines and it has a ground crew of six that is manned by a single agent compared to that of other flight that had nearly three agents and ground crew of twelve. The attitude of its employees is always friendly towards customer and the companys policy towards its employees was very conducive which has made them more productive. The airline also provided extensive customer service and won several rewards in this behalf in the year 1992, 1993 and 1994 (Smith et al., 2014). The Human Resource department of the Southwest airlines was called as the Peoples Department which is different from other airlines. The Human Resource policies were made by involving the employees in the decision making procedure and taking proper care for the welfare of the employees (Nel et al., 2014). The recruitment policy of the airline was little longer as they believe in hiring the best person out the number of people applied. The company also had extensive training and development programs for the employees that have increased the productivity of the employees and reduced the cost. The company has nine separate employee unions, but never faced serious problem of labour strikes or any other labour problems (Mendenhall Osland, 2012). It has maintained healthy relation with them. Further, the company has made the employees as partner to the airlines by selling companys stock to them which make them feel the ownership for the firm. To brief, the company has developed a work cul ture that sees hard work, dedication, fun, equality and cost consciousness. Internal Opportunities and internal threats of Southwest airlines Internal opportunities and internal threat refers to the internal prospects and risk that the organization encounters while doing business and trying to grow over the period. The Southwest airlines had the opportunity to expand in the international and national markets due to large potentiality of rising demand of travelling through air. To grab the opportunity the company was the first one to offer discounts, allow ticketless travelling and provide services for deliveries of air freight (Mendenhall Osland, 2012). The airlines have an opportunity of applying new technologies to make the travel more easy and exciting. The number of destinations for the flight has increased rapidly which has given it an opportunity to expand and grow. The airlines have been increasing services for business class people and providing more services for leisure in the flight by serving them beverages and ground nuts in the flight. The company generally believe in hiring people who have larger skill knowl edge so that they can create new opportunities for the company and it can grow with meeting the opportunities. The threats faced by the company refer to the risk that the airline faces due to several issues that may arise internally or externally to the company. The reduction in the number of travellers for leisure may be a threat to the business of airlines as the company will lose its business. The role of competitors is always a threat to the company especially in a system with online ticket reservation. With the easy facility of comparing the prices between different airlines through online booking system has brought a fall in the sales of the tickets. It has acted as a threat to the companys sale of ticket (Mathis et al., 2016). To overcome it, the company has to adopt online ticket sale and let the company adopt policies that retains the customers to the company. The rise in operating cost due to the changes in the government rules and regulations becomes a threat to the airlines as this may lead to large increases in the operating cost. The rising cost may compel the company to raise their flight prices which may further lead to lose the customer due to tough competition in the market. Another threat that the company may face is the threat of terrorist attack. There are several stories and incidences when the flight has been hijacked by the terrorist (Gross, Lck Schrder, 2016). The prices of oil and gas also influence the airlines cost and plays an important role in increasing the threat for the company. The oil and gas industry sees a drastic fall in prices which may lead to fall in production and hence reduces the cost of the good Further the cost of airline security also increases the annual cost. Achievement of Southwest Airlines based on Resource based view Model Resource based view model (RBV) consider resources as a key to attain performance superiority by the firm. A concept of VRIO has been analysed here with respect to resource. It is shown that if resources meet the VRIO attributes then it will make the firm attain competitive advantage against its competitors and sustain its profit and position in the market (Knott, 2015). The model had gained its importance in 1980s and 1990s when the concept of gaining competitive advantage by the firms was in discussion and corporate were seeking competitive environment in the market. The model stated that the firm need to improve their resources and search for resources that bring competitive advantage to the firm instead of looking for a favourable environment outside their organization. Figure 1: Resource-based-view Model (Source: Jiang et al., 2012) According to the model if the firm tries to use its resources for exploiting external environment then it become more feasible rather than trying to adopt new skills for different opportunity (Kehoe Wright, 2013). In other words, the model basically says that companies should try to enhance the productivity of their existing resources rather than looking for new resources to meet new opportunities. According to the model, there are two resources each company has, even in case of Southwest Airlines; the resources are tangible and non-tangible. The tangible resources are the physical things, like land, machines, buildings, equipments and capital. These resources can be bought from the market and is available for everybody (Hendry, 2012). The rival firm can easily adopt the same resources and be at par with the firm. On the other hand, the intangible resources are those which have no physical presence but still are owned by the company, like market goodwill, brand value customer loyalty and other such assets that are earned over a long period sustainable growth and development and cannot be bought from the market. The tangible resources of Southwest airlines are same as any other competitor firm or may be little more in terms of physical assets. However, the intangible resource refers to its brand equity and customer loyalty that the company has earned over the period of time and is able to sustain it due to its continuous effort to innovate new techniques to meet the customer requirement and satisfy them to the core in terms of low price, good quality and best service. The model has taken two assumptions that the resources are heterogeneous and immobile. The heterogeneity of the resources indicates the difference in the skills and capabilities of the resources between the firms (Gatewood Feild Barrick, 2015). If the resources are identical then the firms will never be able to achieve competitive advantages. The immobility of the resources indicates that the resources should not be mobile in the sense that they should not move to different companies. With such resources the company can earn competitive advantage as the rival firms will not be able to replicate the resource and implement the same strategies as the firm. It refers to resources like, intellectual property, brand equity, business processes and other similar types. Like, in case of Southwest Airlines the resources which it owns apart from other rival firms are its pro-active actions and strategies that the company makes before any other rival firm to capture the opportunity of the market. One of such was that of identifying two types of travellers in the market, before any other rival firm could identified (Evans, 2015). There are price-sensitive leisure travellers and time-oriented business travellers. The company was the first to identify them and being pro-active, made two-tiered pricing structure customised according to the requirements of the categories of travellers. The model explains the VRIO framework as given in figure 2. Figure 2: VRIO Framework (Source: Ferreira Campos, 2013) The VRIO framework states the question of value, rarity, imitability and organization. The resources are valuable if they help to increase the value of the organization by differentiating itself from another and reducing the cost of production and attaining the competitive advantage (Cummings Angwin, 2015). The resource that does not meet these conditions cannot be called as valued resource. The resources should meet the condition of rarity, i.e., it should be rare and not easily available; otherwise, it will result in competitive parity between the firms. Further, the resource should not be easy to imitate by the companies so that they cannot be easily substitutable, otherwise the companies will lose the advantage over other firms (Buller McEvoy, 2012). Lastly the organization need to value the resource and should be capable of exploiting the valuable, non-imitable and rare resources to achieve long-run sustainability. Southwest Airlines competitive advantage is based on high quality service and low cost products. It has developed instrumental and terminal values that are unique and different from its rival firm and created a culture of work among its employees which is the rarest of all. The employees are committed to the success of the firm and are always cooperative with the single goal of companys success (Bennett Ho, 2014). They provide excellent service to the customers and there is no problem of competition and status among the employees. Even the manager work as a ticket agent, baggage handlers and flight attendants when they see the employees are facing problem in completing the task. The organization has given the employees the freedom to make their own rules and norms and solve their problems so that the company is at benefit. They award the employees for good task and give them recognition that encourages the employees to serve more than 100% to the company. The South-west airlines is able to develop competitive advantage against its rival by effective management of the people. The company has given more importance to see that its employee work differently than its competitors firm. The company has achieved success and had stock that gave best return from 1972 to 1992 not through economies of scale but by working differently through its employees (Alfes et al., 2013). It had a unique way of responding to its rival hatred and competition by advertising a slogan Make love, Not War. The slogan had given it the status of love airlines which it has attained out of necessity to exist in the market due to the several attempt made by the rivals to push it out of the airline industry. The success of the airline is not because of using high end technology but because of making apt strategies by using the existing resources. It has sold low frills and low cost airline service at prices which its competitors could never afford and match. The company earned its cost advantage from increasing the productivity of the existing resources and being motivated and having unionized workforce (Bratton Gold, 2012). The company had fewer employees per aircraft compared to its rival firms but the service provided by them was the best in all terms. It provided 80% of its flight in 15 minutes whereas other airlines need at least 45 minutes. It has shown fabulous increase in productivity and had the unique productivity advantage in terms of utilizing the equipments. The passenger service provided by the company was unique and the company has won Triple Crown awards for best on-time performance, least passenger complaints, least baggage lost in the same month as that of other firm. The company has achieved all it success by the effective management of its people and has provided a unique example for the Resource-based-value model by increasing the productivity of its internal resources rather than looking for external favourable environment. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model. The international journal of human resource management, 24(2), 330-351. Bennett, J. M., Ho, D. S. (2014). Human resource management. In PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ENGINEERS (pp. 231-249). 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Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance. Human Resource Management Review, 22(2), 73-85. Kehoe, R. R., Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors. Journal of management, 39(2), 366-391. Knott, P. J. (2015). Does VRIO help managers evaluate a firms resources?. Management Decision, 53(8), 1806-1822. Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., Valentine, S. R., Meglich, P. (2016). Human resource management. Nelson Education. Mendenhall, M. E., Osland, J. (2012). Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Nel, P. S., Werner, A., Botha, C., Du Plessies, A., Mey, M., Ngalo, O., ... Van Hoek, L. (2014). Human resources management. Oxford University Press Southern Africa. Nickson, D. (2013). Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Pfeffer, J., Sutton, R. I. (2013). The knowing-doing gap: How smart companies turn knowledge into action. Harvard Business Press. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), 67. Ray, G., Xue, L., Barney, J. B. (2013). Impact of information technology capital on firm scope and performance: the role of asset characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 56(4), 1125-1147. Riley, M. (2014). Human resource management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Routledge. Simo, J., Diaz, P. (2013). An extended VRIO model as a framework for sustainable tourism planning: a review. Tourism as a Tool for Development, 4, 71. Smith, T. I., Wittmann, M. C., Carter, T. (2014). Applying model analysis to a resource-based analysis of the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation. Physical Review Special Topics-Physics Education Research, 10(2), 020102. Southwest Airlines Airline Tickets, Flights, and Airfares. (2016). Southwest.com. Retrieved 10 July 2016, from https://www.southwest.com/ Su-ying, G., Min, Z., Yan-li, Z., Jin, Z., Hong-feng, Z. (2013, July). The VRIO characteristics of corporate strategic human capital at business level. In Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE), 2013 International Conference on (pp. 827-832). IEEE. Wilkinson, T. J. (2013). Strategic Management in the 21st Century [3 Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. Yang, D., Xinde, C. (2014). Innovation Research of Enterprise Human Resource Selection----The Selection of Southwest Airlines. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(7).